Apparatus for use in textile processes



Aug. 27, 1929. E, C, COPE 1,725,849

APPARATUS FOR USE IN TEXTILE PROCESSS Filed Sept. 27. 1926 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVEN'I'OR:

ERNEST CECIL COPE By his IVW,

Aug. 27, 1929. E. c. COPE APPARATUS FOR USE IN TEXTILE PROCESSES Filed Sept. 27, 1925 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVEN TOR:

ERNEST CECIL COPE his AZWS' K Aug. 27, 1929. E, C, CCPE 1,725,849

APPARATUS FOR USE IN TEXTILE PROCESSES Filed Sept. 27, 1926v 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Aug. 27, 1929.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ERNEST CECIL COPE, OF SPONDON, NEAR DERBY, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOB TO CELANEBE CORPORATION OF AMERICA, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

APPARATUS FOR USE IN TEXTILE PROCESSES.

Application iiiea seriember 27, 192e, serial No.

This invention relates to electrical textile spindles and means for drivin the same, for use in spinning, twisting, dou ling, winding and analogous textile operations on natural or artificial fibres, filaments, threads or yarns more especially at high or very high speeds.

In many textile operations it is necessary or desirable to employ spindles rotating at high and sometimes very high speeds, for instance 8,000 to 16,000 or even up to 20,000 or 35,000 or more revolutions per minute. As instances of textile operations in which such high or very high speeds are necessary or desirable may be mentioned high speed spinning, twistin or doubling of threads or yarns of artificial or natural fibres or fila ments by cap, ring and traveller, flyer or other methods; winding or twisting and winding artificial filaments continuously with-their formation by the dry or evaporative method and especially cap spinning (i. e. cap twisting and winding) of artificial filaments continuously with their formation by the dry or evaporative method; crpe twisting or doubling of threads or yarns of artificial or natural filaments or bres wherein a high twist is required to be imparted to the threads or yarns or in the doubling of same.

The apparatus of the present invention is especially applicable for these operations, but can also be appliedgenerally, especially in cases where it is desired to employ high or very high speed spindles for textile oper; ations such as hereinbefore referred to.

`IIitherto it has not been possible to drive textile spindles satisfactorily at high or very high speeds such as mentioned by means of electric motors having their rotors directly coupled to or forming an integral part of the spindles. l

It was found that a high or very high speed could not be satisfactorily obtained or maintained when employing the known polyphase electric motors fed by the known types of polyphase generator, whichmotors and 'enerators have balanced windings i. e. windgings having an equal number of ampere turns on each. phase.

It was found that on attempting to worksuch motors at the requisite high or very high speeds when fed by such generators, that during acceleration the motors, and consequently the textile spindles with which 138,062, and in Great Britain August 25, 1928.

their rotors are directly coupled or com bined, are very liable to remain at the first, second or other critical speed and that the motors can onlgI be accelerated pastl such criticalspeeds y careful manipulation of .the generator voltage and frequency, and `ev'en if it is managed to accelerate ast a critical speed the speed 4is very unstable and the motors have every tendencyto slow down to acritical speed. It may be explained that a critical speed is a period during acceleration of the rotor when the negative torque due to harmonics of the supply rises in value to a degree sufficient to balanced positive main torque, the result being that acceleration is arrested and the rotor speed becomes stable at some submultiple of the synchronous speed. These harmonics accompany all wave forms of electrical energy generated by rotating machines, but their influence appears to be much more manifest at the high frequencies which are necessary to employ for obtaining the high or very high speeds. Thus on applying a polyphase current of the J necessary high frequency to the motor with the object of obtaining high or very hi h speeds, a point is reached beyond which t e rotor refuses to accelerate, owing to the combination of the eddy currents formed in the rotor and which are evenly disposed about the rotor. In practice it was found for example that with the high frequency current necessary to obtain the high or very high speeds the first and second critical speeds 'which developed during acceleration were at about 5,000-6,000 and 11,000l2,000 revolutions per minute, respectively.

I have now found that it is possible to attain and maintain high and ve high speeds such as hereinbefore indicated, y emplo 'ng polyphase ('referabl not less than t ree phase) motors aving t eir rotors formed as an integral part of the spindles or otherwise directly coupled with the spindles, provided that either -the motors or the high frequency generator supplying the same or it may be both the motors and the high requency enerator supplying them, has or have un alanced windings which term means that each phase of the unit (motor or generator) having'. the unbalanced windings has a number of ampere turns differin from those on each of the other phases t ereon. For the best functionn of the apparatus the difference in the num r of ampere turns between the two phases exhibiting maximum difference should not exceed about 15% and preferably should not exceed from about 10% to about 12%, but it is of course understood that I do not limit myself in this respect.

It is to be understood that one high frequency generator may feed the motors of any desired number of textile spindles each directly coupled to or combined with the rotor of its corresponding motors, also that either the motors'or the generator supplying them, or both the motors and the generator supplying them may have the unbalanced windings. In some cases a high frequency generator may if desired feed the motor of a single spindle.

In the preferred form of the invention I obtain the differing number of ampere turns by winding the phases with a differing number of turns of wire. I may however obtam the differing number of ampere turns byl employing both on the motor or motors and the generator an equal number of turns of wire as between phase and phase, and by inserting between the generator and motor or .motorsa transformer wound with a di'ering number of turns of wire on each of the phases or by including in the circuits of each of the phases (or it may be on each of the phases except one) resistance or choke'swhich in cases where they are included in the circuits of two or more phases are of different values as between phase and phase, or by employing any other known means for causing polyphase current to be supplied at a different voltage on each phase.

It will be seen that in each form of the invention the number of ampere turns on the motor or motors and/or the generator will be different on each phase, as either the number of turns of wire or the current will be different on each of the phases.

The rotors of the motors may be of the ordinary squirrel cage type or may be' provided with closed windings, the former, however, being preferable.

I may also, though with less advantage, employ rotors wound with open windings and provided with slip rings, 1n which case both stator and rotor are preferably provided with open windings (of which either or both may be unbalanced windings), though the stator maybe of the squirrel cage type or wound with closed coils.

By means of the present invention textile spindles may readily be driven at high or extremely high speeds. It is believed that the reason why the obtainment of such speeds is rendered possible is that on the rotor arriving at any critical speed at which an extra torque is required to overcome the electrically unbalanced forces, an increase in current results, followed by a corresponding increase in the magnetic iiux passing` through the rotor core, and that, owing to the unbalanced windings, al strong magnetic couple is formed in the rotating field which is moving much faster than the field (the slip at this point being of course, considerable) the tendency of which magnetic couple is to jerk or whip the rotor over the critical speed. Once past this point, the speed of the rotor rapidly increases, accompanied by falling current, until perhaps another critical speed is met, with a repetition of this particular action, and finally the rotor reaches a synchronous speed governed by the periodicity of the supply and percentage'of slip.

By means of the present invention the lrotors and spindles can rapidly attain the desired high or very high speeds, it having been found in practice possible to attain for example a synchronous speed of 20,000 revolutions per minute in as short a time as about 14 seconds.

It will be understood in view of the high speeds of rotation especially in view of the high periodicity necessary to obtain such speeds, that special care should be taken to balance the rotating parts of the motor and textile spindle to a very high degree of accuracy and to ensure that the insulation between the iron laminations forming the core of both rotor and stator is preserved intact. l

The Figs. 1, 2, 2, 3, 4, and 4?* of the accompanying drawings illustrate by way of example two forms of executing the present invention it being of course understood that these two forms are given by way of illustration and are in no way limitative.

In the two forms illustrated a starwound 3 phase 2 pole 24 slot stator type of. motor having unbalanced windings is employed, the motors being fed by an ordinary three phase high frequency generator (not shown) having the ordinary balanced windings and operated in the known manner to supply current at the necessary high frequency.

Figure 1 is a development diagram showing the method of winding the stator of the motor employed in each form, these forms beiig illustrated respectively in Figures 2 an Figure 2 shows a form of motor of the character indicated, which is especially suitl mation, or for other textile operations requiring high spindle speeds, with a hollow textile spindle.`

Figures 4 and 4a are horizontal sections respectively of the stator and rotor on the lines 4-4, Figures 2and 3.

4Figures 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 illustrate diagram-l matically formsl of the invention inwhich the high frequency generator is wound with an equal number of turns of wire on each of the phases and in which the motors are wound with an equal number of turns of wire on .each of the phases.

Referring to Figure '1, A, B and C representthe commencementof the windings of the first, second and third phases respectively, while the line D E F represents the common point or junction of the windings.

The first phase winding starts at A and makes a number of turns between the stator slots 1 and 12, then a number of turns between slots 2 and 11, then a vnumber of turns between slots 24 and 13 and finally between slots 23 and 14, the end of the first phase winding joining the common junction of the phases at the point E.

The total number of turns on the first phase windin s in the examples described and illustrate is 100. Y

The second phase winding starts at B and makes a number of turns between the stator' slots 9 and 20, then a k number of turns between slots 10 and 19, then a number of turns between slots 8 and 21 and finally between slots 7 and 22, the end of the second phase winding joining the common junction of the phases at the point F. I

The total number of turns on lthe second phase winding in the examples described and illustrated is 97. y

The third hase winding starts at C and makes a num er of turns between the stator slots 17 and 4, lthen a number of turns between slots 18 and 3, then anu'mber of turns between slots 16' and 5 and finally between slots 15 ,and 6, the end of the third `phase winding joining the common junction of the phases at thel point D.

The total number of turns on the third phase in the examples described and. illustrated is 94.

Referring to Figures 2, 2", 4 and 4*. The spindle 1 of the motor is formed in one with or carries a textile spindle 2 provided with means 3 for carrying a textile bobbin, tube or the like (not shown). The motor spindle 1 runs in the top bearing 4 and lower bearing 5 being supported by the spring mounted thrust bearlng 6, a squirrel cage rotor 7 being rigidly fixed to the motor spindle 1. The stator core 8 is rigidly fixed to the enclosing motor casing 9. j

The rotor 7 is similar to the usual type of squirrel cage rotor, comprising a laminated 1ron core built up from soft iron stampings 1() (care beinO taken to ensure good insulation between the stampings) and having copper squirrel cage bars 11 passing through the rotor slots and fixed into the squirrel cage end rings 12, the rotor slots being split as shown in Figure 4a. The bars 11 are staggered to give ease in starting, and also toprovide a sim le form of ventilation in the following manner :-the bars 11, being staggered, cause the s )lit slots of the rotor to be 4likewise staggered, and thus the splits of the slots form staggered grooves or channels 11*1L on the outer face of the rotor, and the staggered grooves or channels 11a draw air 1n through the holes 11'b in the'bottom of the motor casing 9, through the armature tunnel and out of the motor casing through the holes 11e.

The rotor is fixed rigidly to the motor spindle 1, being locked in position by the nut 14 and the screw threaded fly wheel member 15, the latter having also a grub screw 15 engaging with the spindle 1.

The stator core 8 is built up from laminated slotted soft iron stampings 8a (care being taken to ensure good insulation between the stasnpings). The slots 16A are provided with an insulating lining 17 (care being taken to ensure good insulation at this point) and with the unbalanced winding 18 of which Figure 1 is the development diagram, the winding having turns on the first phase, 97 turns on the second phase, and 94 turns on the third phase. In the form of motor shown, the stator'slots are not staggered in building up the stator core. If desired, the rotor bars 11 might not be 4staggered, but in such case the stator slots would preferably be staggered to give ease in starting.

rlhe top bearing 4 is lubricated from the lOO annular oil well 19, provided with an oil wick 20, the oil well 19 being covered by a felt washer 21 and a cover '22. When the spindle is stationary the oil from the wick 2O runs through the channel or boring 23 on to the spindle 1 and through the channel or boring 24 into the annular sump 25. When the spindle 1 upwards from the sump 25 through the spiral groove 4a in the bearing llO the spindle 1s 1n mot1on the oil 1s pumped by '5 number around the spindle and provided with oil wicks 27 which feed the oil to the spindle 1 through channels or borings such as 28; the thrust bearing 6 is lubricated by the wicks 27 which feed the oil through channels or borings such as 29 on to the bearing.

Any other means for lubrication of the bearings may be employed, as foi` instance forced feed or gravity feed lubrication, care being of course taken to ensure that the lubrication is adequate in view of the high or extremely high speeds.

The bearings 4, 5 and 6 may be made of any metal suitable for the high or extremely high spindle speeds.

lAs before mentioned the motor shown in Figure 2 is especially useful for ring or 'flyer spinning twisting or doubling, crpe twisting or doubling, or other high sneed spinning, twisting or doubling of artineial silk or other threads or yarns. The motor and spindle shown in Figure 2 may be used for such purposes in conjunction with the usual types of rino` and traveller, flyer, thread guides or the ike as employed in such textile operations. For instance in crpe twisting a small drag type of flyer maybe employed. The traverse, where such is desired or necessary, is preferablyimparted to the ring, iyer, thread guide or other such device (such device of course depending yon the operation to be performed) while the motor and spindle are fixed; the traverse may however be imparted to the motors and spindles ifvso desired. In View of the high or extremely high speeds, care should be taken that the bobbins or the like adapted to receive the yarn or thread are mechanically balanced to a high degree of accuracy.

Referring to Figures 3, 4 and 4a, as above stated the Figure 3 shows a motor and spindle similar in type to that shown in Figure 2, but having a hollow spindle. In Figures 3, 4 and 4a, 30v isthe hollow spindle of the motor', driving a hollow textile spindle 31 through the ball and socket joint 32 and the clutch member 33, the clutch member 33 also serving as means for supporting and driving a bobbin, tube or the like (not shown). The motor spindle 30 runs in the top bearing 34 and the lower bearing 35, being supported by the thrust bearing 36. A flywheel member 37 is fixed rigidly to the hollow spindle 30, and a squirrel cage rotor 38 is fixed rigidly to the flywheel member 37 by the screws 39 and clamping ring 40.

The stator core 8 is fixed rigidly to the motor casing.

The rotor is precisely similar to that employed in Figure 2, being built up from laminated soft iron stampings 10 (care being taken to preserve good insulation between the stampings) and having copper squirrel cage fixed in the squirrel cage end rings4 12. The bars 1'1 are staggered to give ease in starting and to provide a simple form of ventilation by their drawing air through the armature tunnel inv a manner analogousto that shown in Figure 2.

The stator core 8 is built up from laminated slotted soft iron stampings 8, care being taken to preserve good insulation between the stampings. The slots 16 are provided with an insulating lining 17 (care being taken to ensure good insulation at this point) and the unbalanced winding 18 of which Figure 1 is the development diagram, the winding having in the example 100 turns on the first phase, 97 turns on the second phase, and 94 turns on the third phase.

4The motor shown in- Figure 3 is provided with simple means of forced feed lubrication, the oil being supplied under the desired pressure toI the pipe 41 and passing through the channels 42 and 43 in the motor casing to the bearings; channel 42 feeds the oil to the top bearing 34 which is provided with a channel 44 opening on to the spindle 3Q, the oil passing downwards through the spiral groove or channel 45 in the bearing 34 into the channel 46'in the bearing 34 and .from thence the oil Hows through the channel 47 in the motor case into the annular sump 48 and out ofthe outlet pipe 49 from which it may be drained or returned to the pipe 41 and again circulated through the bearings. The channel 43 feeds the oil to the lower bearing 35 and to the thrust bearing 36 the oil being passed downwards from the channel 50 in bearing 35 through a Spiral groove 51 in the bearing 35 passing thence on to the thrust bearing 36 and' into the annular sump 52 via the passage 53 in the bearing 35, from which sump the oil flows out through the outlet pipe 49 from which it may be drained or returned to the pipe 41 and again circulated through the bearings.

Passages such as 54 are provided in the bottom of the motor casing to allow any oil escaping from the bearings to drain away into the sump.

As above stated the. motor spindle 30 drives the hollow textile spindle 31 through the ball and socket joint 32 and a' clutch member 33, this joint and clutch member being fitted to ensure ease of drives and freedom from vibration. The clutch member, when the spindle is running to speed, transmits the drivewithout slip, and moreover, it allows or facilitates the engagement, doiing or changing of bobbins, tubes or the like without stopping the motor and without causing any very great decrease of the motor speed, as when bobbins, tubes or the like are placed on'to or removed from t-he spindles the clutch can slip and thus prevent or reduce the braking action which such operations could otherwise have on the motor. It may be mentioned in passing that the joint 32 and clutch member can equally well be employed in 'conjunction with the rotor shown in Figure 2.

In the ball and socket joint 32 the rounded end of. the hollow spindle extension piece 55 and which end constitutes the ball of the ball and socket joint 32, fits into the socket in the top of the motor spindle 30, the spindle extension piece and the motor spindle being secured together by the securing pins 56. Around the spindle 30 and the hollow spindle extension piece 55 is fitted a retaining .sleeve 58 screwed to the hollow motor spindle 30, and between the spindle extension iece 55, and the retaining sleeve 58 is provi ed a ring of compressed rubber or other resilient material 59. l

The drive is passed from the spindle cxtcnsion piece 55 to the textile spindle 31 by means of the clutch member 33, this member being formed by the cup shaped top of the spindle extension piece 55, a Ferodo or other frictional washer 60, flanged end 61 of the textile spindle 31, a Ferodo or other frictional washer `62, a spring 63 and a cover 64,

the cover being screwed into the cup sha edl top of the spindle extension piece 55. he Ferodo or other frictional material washers 60 and 62 are lubricated with graphite or other lubricant.

The motor and spindle shown in Figure 3 may be used for any textile operations requiring high or extremely high spindle speeds and may be employed in conjunction with any known apparatus, as for instance thread guides, flyers, rings, caps and the like used in such operations.

The form shown in Figure 3 is especially suitable for cap spinning threads or arns and especially cap spinning artficia silk continuously with its production by the dr or eva rative method of formation (w'hic metho of spinning is described in British Patent No. 198,023 and in U. S. lpatent application S. No. 615,682 filed 29t Januar 1923 in the names of C. W. Palmer and Whitehead) thecap being mounted on a rod or s indle (not shown) passing up through the iiollow spindles 30 and 31 in the manner usually employed in cap spinning, and to which the required traversing motion may be imparted. v

In em loying the motor and spindle for such an llke textile operations in which high orextremely high spindle speeds are desirable or necessary the traverse, where suchis necessary, is preferably applied to the caps or other means employed for uiding the yarns or threads on to the bob ins, tubes or the like, the motor and spindle being simply rota-ted though however the traverse may be imparted to the motors and care should be taken that the bo bins and the like adapted to receive the yarn or thread are mechanically balanced to'a high degree of accuracy.

In the form shown in Figure 5 the differing number of .ampere turns is obtained by inserting. between the generator and the motors a transformer wound with a differing number of turns of wire on each of the phases.

In the forms shown in Figures 6 and 7 the differing number of ampere turns i's obtained by mserting resistances between the generator and the motors.

In the form shown in Figures 8 and 9 the differing number of ampere turns is obtained by inserting chokes between the generator and the motors.

Referring to Figure 5, 100 is the high frequency generator, this generator being of known type'wherein the windings 101, 102 and 103 of the respective hases are each wound with the same num er of turns of wire as each other. 104 and 105 are the motors, motor 104 being precisely similar to 105 (similar numerals being employed for corresponding parts). The motors are of the squirrel cage type and are each provided with windings 106, 107, 108 on their respective phases, these windings each having an equalnumber of turns of wire to each other. Between the generator 100 and the motors 104 and 105 is provided a transformer 109 the lprimary coils 110, 111 and 112 of which are connected with the respective phase windings of the generator 100. The primary coils 110, 111 and 112 have each the same number of turns of wire as each other.

The secondary coils 113, 114, and 115 of the transformer 109 are connected with the respective phase windings 106, 108 and 107 ofthe motors. The seconda coils 113, 114

and 115 are each wound with a different` number of turns of wire, the difference between the number of turns of wire between Vthe respective phase windings being such as to produce the required difference in number of ampere turns as between the respective phase windings of the motors. Coil 113 of the transformer has the largest number of turns of wire, hence developing the hi hest voltage'and thus giving the highest. re of ampere turns to the windings 106 oislhe motors; coil 115 of the transformer has the least number of turns of wire hence deyelo ing the lowest voltage and thus giving t e lowest figure of ampere turns to the wind# ings 107 of the motors; whilst coil 114 of the transformer has a'. number of turns of wire intermediate between those of coils 113 and 115, hence developing an intermediate voltage and thus iving a figure of ampere turns to .the windings 108 ofthe motors ampere turns to the windings 124 of the which is intermediate betweenthe ligures of anizpere turns given to the windings 106 and 10 Referring to Figure 6, 116 is the high frequency generator, this generator being of the known type wherein the windings 119, 120, and 121 of the respective phases are each wound with the same number `of turns of wire as each other. 117 and 118 are the motors,motor 117 being precisely similar to motor 118 (similar numerals being employed for the corresponding parts). The motors are of the squirrel cage type and are each provided with windings 122, 123, 124 on their respective. phases, these windings each having an equal number of turns of wire to each other. On each of the hase circuits between the generator an the motors is provided a resistance, resistance 125 being iitted in the first phase circuit (i. e. betweencoil 119 of the generator and the coils 122 of the motors), resistance 126 being fitted in the second phase circuit (i. e.

between coi1'121 of the generator and coils 124 of the motors) and resistance 127 being tted in the third phase circuit (i. e. between coil 120 of the generator and coil 123 ofl the motors). The resistances 125, 126 and 127 are all of diferent values the difference in their values being such as to produce the required difference in number of ampere turns as between the respective phase windings .of the motors. Resistance 125 has the largest value, hence causing the lowest voltage in the first phase circuit and thus giving the lowest gure of ampere turns to the windings 122 of the motors; resistance 127 has the lowest value, hence causing the highest voltage in the third phase circuit and thus giving the highest figure of ampere.

turns to the windings 123 of the motors; whilst resistance 126 is intermediatein value between resistances 125 and 127, hence causa ing anlintermediate voltage in the second phase circuit and thus giving a figure of motor which is intermediate between the iigures of ampere turns given to the windlngls 122 and l123.

eferring to Figure 7 this ligure shows a form very similar to that 'shown in Figure 6, similar numerals in Figure 7 indicating corresponding parts in Figure 6. In Figure 7 however resistances are only provided in two ofH the phase circuits, resistance 128 being tted in the irst phase cir'cuit (i. e. between coils 122 of the motors and coil 119 of the generator) and resistance 129 being fit-V 123 of the motors and coil 120 of the generator). The resistances 128 and'129 are each of different value such as to produce the turns as between the respective phase wind- .ings of the motors. Resistance 128 has the highest. value, hence causing the lowest voltage in the first phase circuit and thus giving the lowest figure of ampere turns to the windings 122 of the motors; no resistance being fitted in' the third phase circuit, the highest voltage will be-given in that lcircuit thus giving the highest figure of ampere turns to the windings 123 of the motors; resistance 129 is of less value than resistance 128 hence causing an intermediate voltage in the second phase circuit and thus giving a ligure of ampere turns to the windings 124 of the motors intermediate between the iigures of ampere turns 122 and 123.

Referring to Figure 8, 130 is the high frequency generator, this generator being of the known type vwherein the windings 133, 134, 135 of the respective phases are each wound with the same number of turns of wire as each other. 131 and 132 are the motors, motor 131 being precisely similar to motor132 (similar numerals being employed given to the windings for the corresponding parts). The motors are of the squirrel cage type and are each provided with windings 136, 137, 138v on their respective phases, these windings each having an equal number of turns of wire to each other. On each of the phase circuits between the motors and the generator is provided a choke, choke 139 being fitted in the first phase circuit (i. e. between coil 133 of the generator and coils 136 of the motors), choke 140 being fitted in the second phase cir-l cuit (i. e. between coil 135 of the generator and coils 138 of the motors) and choke 141 being fitted in the third phase circuit (i. e. between coil 134 of the generator and coils 137 of the motors). The chokes 139, 140 and 141 are all of different values the diiferences in their values being such as to produce the required difference in number of ampere turns as between the'respective phase windings of the motors. Choke 139 has the highest value, hence causingthe lowest voltgiving the highest gure of ampere turns to the windings 137 of the motors; whilst choke 140 is intermediate in value between chokes 139 and 141, hence causing an intermediate voltage in the second phase circuit and thus giving a figure of ampere turns to thc windings 138 of the motors which is intermediate between the ligures of ampere turns given to the windings 136 and 137.

Referring to Figure 9 this ligure shows a form very similar to that shown in Figure 8, similar numerals in Figure 9 indicating cuit (i. e. between coil 134 of the generator and coils 137 of the motors). The chokes 142 and 143 are each of different lvalue, their value being such asto roduce .the required difference in number o ampere turns as between the respective hase windingsof the motors. Choke 142 as the highest value, hence causing the lowest voltage on the first phase circuit and thus giving the lowest figure of ampere turns to the windings 136 of the motors; no choke being fitted in the third phase circuit. the highest voltage will be given on that circuit thus giving the highest figure of ampere turns tol the windings 137 of the motors; choke 143 is of less value than choke 142 hence causing an intermediate voltage in the second phase circuit and thus giving a figure of ampere turns to the windings 138 of the motors intermediate be: tween the figures of ampere turns given to the windings' 136 and 137.

What I claim and desire'to secure by Letters Patent is use in textile operations, comprising a driving unit consisting of a polyphase high fre'- quency generator, and a driven unit consisting of at least one polyphase motor with a textile spindle directly coupledA with its rotor, at least one of said units having unbalanced windings.

2. Textile spindle driving apparatus for use in textile operations comprising a driving unit consisting of a polphase high frequency generator, and a driven unitconsisting of at least one polyphase motor with a textile spindle directly coupled with its rotor, at least one of said units having unbalanced windings wherein the difference in the number of ampere turns between the two phases exhibiting the maximum diiference is not greater than 12%.

3. Textile spindle driving apparatus for use in textile operations comprising a driving unit consisting of a polyphase high frequency generator, and a driven unit consisting of at least one polyphase motor with a textile spindle directly coupled with its rotor, at least one of said units having unbalanced windings in which each phase is wound with a different number of turns of wire.

4. Textile spindle driving apparatus Vfior use in textile operations, comprisin a driving unit consisting of a polyphase igh frequency generator, and a driven unit consisting of at least one polyphase motor with a textiie spindle directly coupled with its rotor, at least one of said units having unbalanced windings wherein the difference in the number of ampere turns between the two phases exhibiting the maximum diii'erence is not greater than 12% and in which each phase is Wou-nd with a different number of turns of wire.

-5. Textile spindle driving apparatus for use in textile operations, comprising a driving unit consisting of a three phase high frequency generator, and a driven unit consisting of at least one three phase motor with a textile spindle directly coupled with its rotor, atleast one of said units having unbalanced windings.

6. Textile spindle driving apparatus for use in textile operations, comprising a driving unit consisting of a three phase high frequency generator, and a driven unit consisting of at least one three phase motor with a textile spindle directly coupled with its rotor, at least one of said units having unbalanced windings wherein the difference in the number of ampere turns between the two phases exhibiting the maximum difference is not greater than 12%.

7. Textile spindle ldriving apparatus for use in textile operations, comprising a driv-.

ing unit consisting of a three phase high frequency generator, and a driven unit consist- 1. Textile spindle driving apparatus for ing unit consisting of athree phase high frequency generator, and a driven unit consistying of at least one three phase motor with a textile spindle directly coupled with its rotor,at least one of said units having unbalanced windings wherein the diiierence in the number of ampere turns between the two phases lexhibiting the maximum difference is not greater than 12% and in which each phase is wound with a dilerent number of turns of wire.

9. Textile spindle driving apparatus for use in textile operations, comprising a driving unit consistig of a polyphase high frequency'generator, having balanced windings, and 'a driven unit consisting of at least one polyphase motor with a textile spindle directly coupled with its rotor, each motor of said driven unit having unbalanced windings.

10. Textile spindle driving apparatus for ing unit consisting of a polyphase gh frequency generator having ba anced windings, and a driven unit'consistlng `of atleast one use in textile operations, comprising a drivpolyphase motor with a textile spindle directly coupled with its rotor, each motor of said driven unit having unbalanced windings wherein the difference in the number of ampere turns between the two phases exhibiting the maximum dierence is ,not greater than 12%.

11. Textile spindle driving apparatus for use in textile operations, comprising a driving unit consisting of a polyphase high frequency generator, havingbalanced windings, and a driven unit consisting of at least one polyphase motor with a textile spindle directly coupled with its rotor, each motor of said driven unit having unbalanced windings in which each phase is wound with a different number of turns of wire.,

12. Textile spindle driving apparatus for use in textile operations, comprising a ldriving unit consisting of a polyphase high fre- 'quency generator havingbalanced windings,

and a driven unit consisting of at least one polyphasemotor with a textilespindle directly coupled withits rotor, each motor of said driven unit having unbalanced' windings wherein the difference in the number of ampere turns between the two phases exhibiting the maximum difference is not greater than 12%.and in which each phase ,is wound with adifferent number of turns of wire.

13. Textile. spindle driving apparatus for use in textile operations, comprising a dri-ving unit consisting of a three phase high frequenc'y generator having balanced windings, and a driven unit consisting of at least one three phase motor with a textile spindle directly coupled with its rotor, each motor of said drivenv unit having unbalanced windings.

14. Textile spindle driving apparatus for use in textile operations, comprising a driving unit consisting of a three phase highfrequency generator having balanced windings, and a driven unit consisting of at least4 one three phase motor with a textile spindle directly coupled with its rotor, each motor of said driven unit having unbalanced windings wherein the difference in the number of ampere turns between the two phases exhibiting the maximum difference is not greater than 12%.

15. Textile spindle driving apparatus for use in textile operations, comprising al driving unit consisting of a three phase high frequency generator having balanced windings, and a driven unit consisting of at least one three phase motor with a textile spindle directly coupled with its rotor, each motor of said driven unit having unbalanced windings in which each phase is wound with a di'erent number of turns of wire.

16. Textile spindle driving apparatus for use in textile operations, comprising a driving unit consisting of a three phase high i frequency 'generator having balanced windquency generator having balanced windings,

and a driven unit consisting of at least one polyphase motor with a textile spindle directly coupled with its rotor, each'motor` of said driven unit having a stator swound with unbalanced windings and a squirrel cage, rotor.

'Q 18. Textile spindle driving apparatus for use in textile operations, comprising a driving unit consisting of a polyphase quency generator having balanced windings, and a driven unit consisting of at least one polyphase motor with a textile spindle directly coupled with its rotor, each motor of said driven unit having a stator wound with unbalanced windings wherein the dili'erence in the number of ampere turns between the two phases exhibiting themaximum diierence is not greater than 12%, and a squirrel cage rotor.

19. Textile spindle driving apparatus for use in textile operations, comprising a driving unit consisting of a polyphase igh frequency generator having balanced windings,

and a driven unit consisting of at least one polyphase'. motor with a textile spindle directly coupled with its rotor, each motor of said driven unit having a stator wound with unbalanced windings in which each phase is wound with adiierent number'of turns of wire, and a squirrel cage rotor.

20. Textile spindle driving apparatus for use in textile operations, comprising a driving unit-consisting of a polyphase igh frequency generator iaving balanced windings, and a driven unit consisting of at least one polyphase motor with a textile spindle directly coupled with its rotor, each motor of said driven unit having a stator wound with unbalanced windings wherein the difference in the number of 'ampere turns between the two phases exhibiting the maximum difierence is not greater than 12% and incwhich each phase is wound with a different number of turns of wire, and asquirrel cage rotor.

21. Textile spindle driving apparatus for use in textile operations, comprlsing a driving unit consisting of a three phase high frequency generator having balanced wind-- Cil use in textile operations, comprising a' driv-` ing unit consisting of a three phase high frequency generator having balanced windings, and a drivenunit consisting of at least one three phase motor with a textile spindle di` rectly coupled with its rotor, each motor of said driven unit having a statorwound with unbalanced windings wherein the difference in the number of ampere turns be- 7 tween the two phases exhibiting the maximum difference is not greater than 12%, and a squirrel cage rotor.

23. Textile spindle driving apparatus for use in textile operations, comprising a driving unit consisting of a three phase high f requency generator having balanced windings, and a driven unit consisting of at least one three phase motor with a textile spindle directly coupled with its rotor, each motor of said driven unit having a stator wound with unbalanced windings in which each phase is wound with a different number of turns of wire, and a squirrel cage rotor.

24. Textile spindle driving apparatus for use in textile operations, comprising a driving unit consisting of a three phase high frequency generator having balanced windings, and a driven unit consisting of at least one three phase motor with a textile spindle directly coupled with its rotor, each motor oi said driven unit having a stator wound with unbalanced windings wherein the difference inthe number of ampere turns between the two phases exhibitin the maximum difference is not greater t an 12% and in which each phase is wound witha different number of turns of wire, and a squirrel cage rotor.

25. Textile spindle driving apparatus for use in textile operations, comprising a driving unit consisting of a three phase high frequency generator having balanced windings, and a driven unit consisting of at least one three phase motor with a textile spindle directly coupled with its rotor, each motor of said driven unit having a stator Wound with unbalanced windings wherein the first phase is wound with 100 ampere turns, vthe second phase is wound with 97 am ere turns and the third phase is wound with 94 ampere turns, and a squirrel cage rotor.

26. Textile spindle driving apparatus for use in textile operations, comprising a driv-` ing unit consisting of a three phase gh `frequency generator having balanced windings, and a driven unit consisting of at least one three phase motor with a textile spindle directly coupled with its rotor, each motor of said driven unit having a stator wound with unbalanced windings wherein the first phase is wound with 100 ampere turns, the second phase is wound with 97 turns and the third phase is wound with 94 turns and wherein each hase is wound with a different number o turns of wire, and a squirrel cage rotor.

27. Textile spindle driving apparatus for use in textile operations, comprising a driving unit consisting of a polyphase high frequency generator having balanced windings, anda driven unit consisting of at least one polyphase motor with a textile spindle directly coupled with its rotor, each motor of said driven unit having a'stator wound with unbalanced windings, and a squirrel cage ligotor comprising staggered squirrel cage ars.

28. Textile spindle driving apparatus for use in textile operations, comprising a driving unit consisting1 of a polyphase high frequency generator aving balanced windings, and a driven unit consisting of at least one polyphase motor with a textile spindle directly coupled with its rotor, each motor of said driven unit having a stator wound with unbalanced windings, and a squirrel cage rotor comprising staggered squirrel cage bars and comprising staggered grooves on the outer face of said rotor.

29. Textile spindle driving apparatus for use in textile operations, comprlsing a driving unit consisting of a polyphase high frequency generator, and a driven unit consisting of at least one polyphase motor with a textile spindle in drlven connection with its rotor, at least one of said units having unbalanced windings.

30. Textile spindle driving apparatus for use in textile operations, comprisin a driving unit consisting of a polyphase igh frequency generator, and a driven unit consisting of at least one polyphase motor with a textile spindle in driven connection with its rotor, at least one of said units having unbalanced windingsv wherein the difference in the number of ampere turns between the two phases exhibiting maximum dierence is not greater than 12%.

31. Textile spindle driving apparatus for use in textile operations, comprising a driving unit consisting of a polyphase high frequency generator, and a driven unit consisting of at least one polyphase motor with a textile spindle in driven connection with its rotor, at least one of said units having unbalanced windings n which each phase is wound with a different number of turns of wire.

In testimony whereof 1 have hereunto subscribed my name this 9th day of September,

ERNEST CECIL COPE. 

